Multi-network access is the ability for EV drivers or fleets to use multiple charging networks with a single account, app, RFID card, or vehicle-based credential—without needing to register separately with each charge point operator (CPO). It is enabled through roaming agreements and interoperability between operators and e-mobility service providers (eMSPs).
How multi-network access works
Multi-network access typically relies on these components:
– A driver identity (app account, RFID, or Plug & Charge certificate) issued by an eMSP or CPO
– A roaming connection between networks so credentials can be recognized
– Backend authorization that checks access rights and pricing rules
– Session data exchange and settlement (who pays whom) after charging completes
Common technical and business steps include:
– Driver authenticates on a charger operated by a different network
– The operator requests authorization through the roaming link
– The session starts if authorized, and session records are exchanged afterward
– Billing is handled by the driver’s provider, while settlement occurs between companies
Why multi-network access matters
Multi-network access improves usability and utilization:
– Reduces “app fatigue” by minimizing the number of accounts and payment setups
– Increases charging coverage for drivers and fleets across regions and countries
– Helps CPOs attract more sessions from roaming users, improving revenue
– Supports cross-border travel and consistent access for international fleets
– Enables MaaS-style experiences where charging is one service among many
Typical multi-network access methods
– Roaming via eMSPs (one card/app works across many CPOs)
– Hub-based roaming through interoperability platforms
– Direct roaming agreements between two CPOs
– Plug & Charge roaming where ISO 15118 certificates are recognized across networks
Operational and commercial considerations
Multi-network access introduces requirements beyond pure connectivity:
– Tariff transparency and consistent pricing display across channels
– Settlement rules (commission, revenue share, invoicing cycles)
– Customer support boundaries (who handles disputes, refunds, failed sessions)
– Data quality and session record consistency to avoid billing mismatches
– Fraud controls and risk management for unpaid sessions or chargebacks
Common challenges
– Different pricing models and taxes across markets complicate tariff exchange
– Inconsistent location and status data can cause failed starts or poor UX
– Disputes increase when session records differ between CPO and eMSP systems
– Not all chargers support the same authentication methods (RFID vs app vs PnC)
– Roaming availability may vary by country, site owner restrictions, or operator policy
Related glossary terms
Roaming
eMSP
Interoperability networks
OCPI
Interoperability billing
Cross-network authentication
Cross-network billing
RFID authentication
Plug & Charge
ISO 15118